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Objective To explore the application value of Biofire Filmarry pneumonia panel (PN) in detection of secondary and concomitant pathogen among critically ill patients with coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19). Methods We consecutively included and analyzed the clinical data of critically ill patients with COVID-19 transferred to the ICU from February to April 2020 in the Sino-French Campus of Wuhan Tongji Hospital. Samples of Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid obtained by bedside bronchoscopy were sent for Biofire Filmarray PN and standard culture concomitantly. We compared the results of two methods and evaluated their concordance. Results In total, 21 critically ill patients with COVID-19 were included and 54 samples were tested, including 33 (61.1%) Biofire Filmarray PN tests (21 patients) and 21 (38.9%) standard cultures (14 patients), in which 19 pairs (38 samples) underwent both tests simultaneously. In Biofire Filmarray PN group, the turnaround time was about 1 hour. There were 74 positive results in 32 samples (97.0%) from 20 patients, including 29 cases(39.2%) of Acinetobacter baumannii complex, 21 cases (28.4%) of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, 16 cases (21.6%)of Klebsiella pneumoniae, 5 cases (6.8%) of Escherichia coli, 1 case (1.4%)each of Enterobacter cloacae, Haemophilus influenzae, and respiratory syncytial virus. In the standard culture group, the turnaround time was about 3 days. 19 positive results returned in 16 (76.2%) samples from 11 patients, including 8 cases (42.1%) of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, 6 cases (31.6%) of Acinetobacter baumannii, 4 cases (21.1%) of Stenotrophomonas malt and 1 case (5.3%) of Myxobacterium. Among the 19 pairs of "back-to-back" specimens, 15 pairs were concordant, and the agreement ratio was 78.9%. Conclusions Acinetobacter baumannii and Pseudomonas aeruginosa may be the common pathogens of secondary or concomitant infection in critically ill patients with COVID-19. Biofire Filmarray PN is a rapid diagnostic test and has application value in such patients;its sensitivity and accuracy require further investigation with larger sample sizes.Copyright © 2021, Peking Union Medical College Hospital. All rights reserved.
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Coronaviruses (CoVs) are positive-sense and single-strand RNA viruses which have an extensive range of natural hosts and cause respiratory, gastrointestinal, hepatic, renal and neurological diseases of varying severities in livestock, birds and humans.Seven human coronaviruses (HCoVs) have been discovered, of which severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SAKSCoV), Middle East respiratory snydrome coronavirus (MERSCoV) and 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCov) may cause severe fatal pneumonia and have posed a global threat to public health.This paper reviews the progress in research on pathogenicity and vaccines of HCoV. Copyright © 2022 Changchun Institute of Biological Products. All rights reserved.
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Aim To elucidate the effective components of Ganoderma applanatum and its mechanism of preventing the coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19).Methods To begin with, UHPLC-Q-Exactive-Orbitrap-MS was established to identify the main chemical constituents of G.applanatum.Then, the predicted targets of G.applanatum were selected by Swiss Target Prediction.GO analysis and KEGG analysis of core target genes were performed using the DAVID database.Finally, to explore the potential mechanism of G.applanatum against COVID-19, core functional components-core target-metabolism path network diagram was constructed using Cytoscape 3.8.0, and molecular docking was used to analyze the binding force of the core effective compounds with angiotensin-converting enzyme II(ACE2)and three SARS CoV-2 proteins, nonstructural protein-15 Endoribonuclease(NSP15), the receptor-binding domain of spike protein(RBD of S protein), and main protease(Mpro/3CLpro).Results Sixty-two components were identified from G.applanatum by UHPLC-Q-Exactive-Orbitrap-MS study;30 active components were closely associated with 32 core targets including IL6, PTGS2, and MAPK1;KEGG analysis showed that it might treat COVID-19 through signaling pathways, such as PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, TNF signaling pathway, tuberculosis, and so on;molecular docking analysis showed that 1,4-Dihydroxy-2-naphthoic acid, parthenolide, 7,8-Dihydroxycoumarin, and other vital compounds had a certain degree of affinity with ACE2 and three SARS CoV-2 proteins.Conclusion This study clarifies the chemical composition and the potential mechanism of G.applanatum, providing a scientific basis for screening the effective ingredients of G.applanatum. Copyright © 2022 Publication Centre of Anhui Medical University. All rights reserved.
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In recent years, with the frequent occurrence of viral diseases accompanied by high morbidity and mortality rates, there has been an increasing awareness of importance of antiviral drugs research. Traditional Chinese medicine contain biologically structurally diverse bioactive substances that provide important template structures for pharmaceutical research. Because of its novelty, multicomponent and multi-target characteristics, it is a valuable source for new drug development. The antiviral mechanisms of active components of traditional Chinese medicines include inhibition of viral replication, block binding of virus with receptor, directly killing virus, enhancement of the immune system and inhibition of cytokines/chemokines responses, etc. The active components of traditional Chinese medicine with antiviral active ingredients based on the mechanism of antiviral action were reviewed in this paper, in order to provide a basis for development of antiviral natural drugs to cope with the virus epidemic including the new variant of SARS-CoV-2 and other virus outbreaks that may occur in the future. © 2022 Editorial Office of Chinese Traditional and Herbal Drugs. All rights reserved.
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To investigate the anxiety, depression, fatigue and insomnia of the entry quarantine personnel during the COVID-19 pandemic, and the influencing factors of psychological status were also explored. The Self-Rating Anxiety Scale (SAS), Self-Rating Depression Scale (SDS), Fatigue severity scale (FSS) and the Insomnia Severity Index (ISI) of 630 entry quarantine personnel were performed and the correlation analysis of the four types of scales was performed. The incidence rates of anxiety, depression, fatigue and insomnia were 4.76%, 20.00%, 48.57% and 22.86%, respectively. There was a positive correlation between the four indicators. Univariate analysis showed that age, education level, occupation, continent and reasons for going abroad were the main influencing factors of psychosomatic status. The lower the age group, the higher the education level, and the healthier the psychosomatic health of the entry quarantine personnel. The psychological status of international students was healthier than that of the staff. The psychological condition of the quarantined people in Asia was healthier than that in other continents. 630 entry quarantine personnel had different degrees of anxiety, depression, fatigue and insomnia, there was a positive correlation between them. Age, education level, occupation, continent and reasons for going abroad were the main influencing factors of psychological status. © 2022, Sociedade Brasileira de Ciencia e Tecnologia de Alimentos, SBCTA. All rights reserved.
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The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has posed an extraordinary threat to global public health, wealth, and well-being. As the carriers of human life and production, infrastructures need to be upgraded to mitigate and prevent the spread of viral diseases. Developing multifunctional/smart civil engineering materials to fight viruses is a promising approach to achieving this goal. In this Perspective, a basic introduction on viruses and their structure is provided. Then, the current design principles of antiviral materials and structures are examined. Subsequently, the possibility of developing active/passive antiviral civil engineering materials (including cementitious composites, ceramics, polymers, and coatings) is proposed and envisioned. Finally, future research needs and potential challenges to develop antiviral civil engineering materials are put forward. The proposed strategies to develop multifunctional/smart antiviral civil engineering materials will aid in the construction of smart infrastructures to prevent the spread of viruses, thus improving human life and health as well as the sustainability of human society.
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Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) has become a global crisis due to strong infectivity and fast transmission speed. Some patients with Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) progress rapidly and may develop fatal complications, which brings serious challenges in disease assessment and treatment. Recent progress in the understanding of the molecular biology of SARS-CoV-2 has led to the identification of a variety of laboratory biomarkers that could be potentially applied to clinical practice for the diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of patients with COVID-19. In this review we summarize the updated status on the identification of COVID-19 related laboratory markers, and propose further direction on the application of these markers to clinical diagnosis and management of patients with COVID-19.
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During the period of 2019-nCoV controlling, to prevent the spread of the virus, it is necessary to regulate the coverage of mask wearing in densely populated places such as airports and stations. In order to effectively monitor the coverage of mask wearing of crowd, this paper proposes a lightweight mask detection algorithm based on improved YOLOv4-tiny. Following the backbone network of YOLOv4-tiny, a spatial pyramid pooling structure is introduced to pool and fuse the input features at multi-scale, which makes the receptive field of the network enhanced. Then, combined with the path aggregation network, multi-scale features are fused and enhanced repeatedly in two paths to improve the expressive ability of feature maps. Finally, label smoothing is utilized to optimize the loss function for modifying the over-fitting problem in the training process. The experimental results show that the proposed algorithm achieves 94.7% AP and 85.7% AP on mask target and face target respectively (at real-time speed of 76.8 FPS on GeForce GTX 1050ti), which is 4.3% and 7.1% higher than that of YOLOv4-tiny. The proposed algorithm meets the accuracy and real-time requirements of mask detection tasks in various scenes.
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Objective To explore the application value of Biofire Filmarry pneumonia panel (PN) in detection of secondary and concomitant pathogen among critically ill patients with coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19). Methods We consecutively included and analyzed the clinical data of critically ill patients with COVID-19 transferred to the ICU from February to April 2020 in the Sino-French Campus of Wuhan Tongji Hospital. Samples of Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid obtained by bedside bronchoscopy were sent for Biofire Filmarray PN and standard culture concomitantly. We compared the results of two methods and evaluated their concordance. Results In total, 21 critically ill patients with COVID-19 were included and 54 samples were tested, including 33 (61.1%) Biofire Filmarray PN tests (21 patients) and 21 (38.9%) standard cultures (14 patients), in which 19 pairs (38 samples) underwent both tests simultaneously. In Biofire Filmarray PN group, the turnaround time was about 1 hour. There were 74 positive results in 32 samples (97.0%) from 20 patients, including 29 cases(39.2%) of Acinetobacter baumannii complex, 21 cases (28.4%) of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, 16 cases (21.6%)of Klebsiella pneumoniae, 5 cases (6.8%) of Escherichia coli, 1 case (1.4%)each of Enterobacter cloacae, Haemophilus influenzae, and respiratory syncytial virus. In the standard culture group, the turnaround time was about 3 days. 19 positive results returned in 16 (76.2%) samples from 11 patients, including 8 cases (42.1%) of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, 6 cases (31.6%) of Acinetobacter baumannii, 4 cases (21.1%) of Stenotrophomonas malt and 1 case (5.3%) of Myxobacterium. Among the 19 pairs of “back-to-back” specimens, 15 pairs were concordant, and the agreement ratio was 78.9%. Conclusions Acinetobacter baumannii and Pseudomonas aeruginosa may be the common pathogens of secondary or concomitant infection in critically ill patients with COVID-19. Biofire Filmarray PN is a rapid diagnostic test and has application value in such patients;its sensitivity and accuracy require further investigation with larger sample sizes. © 2021, Peking Union Medical College Hospital. All rights reserved.
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BACKGROUND: Data have not been reported to explore the relation between COVID-19 severity and BCG vaccination status at the individual patient level. METHODS: Taiwan has a nationwide neonatal BCG vaccination program that was launched in 1965. The Taiwan Centers for Disease Control established a web-based National Immunization Information System (NISS) in 2003 and included all citizens' BCG vaccination records in NISS for those born after 1985. We identified COVID-19 Taiwanese patients born after 1985 between 21 January and 19 March 2021. Study participants were further classified into ages 4-24 years (birth year 1996-2016) and 25-33 years (birth year 1986-1995). We described their clinical syndrome defined by the World Health Organization and examined the relation between the COVID-19 severity and BCG vaccination status. RESULTS: In the 4-24 age group, among 138 BCG vaccinated individuals, 80.4% were asymptomatic or had mild disease, while 17.4% had moderate disease, 1.5% had severe disease, and 0.7% had acute respiratory distress syndrome but none of them died. In contrast, all 6 BCG unvaccinated individuals in this age group experienced mild illness. In the 25-33 age group, moderate disease occurred in 14.2% and severe disease occurred in 0.9% of the 106 patients without neonatal BCG vaccination records, as compared to 19.2% had moderate disease and none had severe or critical disease of the 78 patients with neonatal BCG vaccination records. CONCLUSIONS: Our finding indicated that BCG immunization might not relate to COVID-19 severity in the young population.
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The study uses Taiwan listed companies as a sample to test whether relevant financial rations have changed significantly, Base on the Ohlson(1995) evaluation model, this study examines the effect of net income and equity book value on the value relevance after IFRS 16. This research sample takes all listed firms as full research sample. Next, this study divides the sample into leasing asset sensitive industries and non-sensitive industries, and discusses separately. First, paired sample T test is adopted to detect whether the financial ratios are affected significantly after implementing IFRS 16. It is found that debt ratio, debt to equity ratio, total asset turnover ratio and depreciation expenses are all significantly changed whether in sensitive or non-sensitive industries. However, current ratio and interest expense rate have not changed. Based on Ohlson evaluation model, this study examines the value-relevance effect of net income, equity book value on the stock price after adopting IFRS 16. When testing with 2018 and 2019 third quarter financial data, equity book value and earning per share all have higher value relevance on stock price after adopting IFRS 16. However, in terms of annual data, the degree of influence is all not significant. It might be that, since the IFRS 16 leasing assets and liabilities have been revealed in the interim financial report, the stock price has been reflected in the middle of the year. It is also possible that when annual report is announced, the stock price of each company has fallen sharply due to the impact of COVID-19, and financial information is no longer value-relevant. © 2020 ACM.
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Sepsis is an important disorder in intensive care medicine, and the emphasis is not on infections but the imbalance in body reactions and life-threatening organ dysfunction. The infection, the imbalance in the body's reaction, and the deadly organ dysfunction are three aspects of sepsis. Currently, there is still a debate on suitable criteria for the diagnosis of patients with sepsis with continuing changes in the guidelines on sepsis management. Here we summarize recent advances on the definitions, diagnosis, and treatment in the clinical practice of sepsis management in the emergency department. We also highlight future research directions on sepsis. In particular, given the global outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), we briefly describe the relationship between COVID-19 and sepsis. How to manage sepsis caused by emerging pathogens such as COVID-19 is a new challenge for care professionals in the emergency department.